Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET) Jamshoro

1.  MUET Jamshoro

• Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (Often referred as Mehran University or MUET) is a public research university located in Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan focused on STEM education.^[1]
• Established in July 1976, as a campus of the University of Sindh, and a year later was chartered as an independent university.^[2] It was ranked 6th in engineering category of Higher Education Institutions in the "5th Ranking of Pakistani Higher Education Institutions" in 2016.^[3][4]

2. Establishment

• Established in 1963 in a direct response to industrialization as Sind University Engineering College, it was affiliated with Sindh University (est. 1951) at Jamshoro until 1973, when the charter of "Engineering University" was granted under the title of "Mehran University of Engineering & Technology". The first batch of MUET was inducted in January 1974 with enrollment of 450 students in civil, mechanical, electrical, electronics, metallurgy, chemical and industrial engineering.
• Initially the classes were started at Government College of Technology, Sakrand Road, Nawabshah, with students residing in college hostels (some class rooms were converted into residential dormitory). Some students acquired private houses in the Society area in Nawabshah, where they lived for two years until newly constructed hostel blocks were made available adjacent to the college campus. Notable residences in the area included Sukkur House, Maruwara Hostel and Arab House (where Jordanian, Palestinian and some other foreign national students stayed).
• With the induction of third batch in 1976, the students of the first batch were shifted to Jamshoro to complete their third year and final year of engineering education. This was predominately due to availability of well equipped laboratories and highly qualified faculty at MUET Jamshoro campus, and also due to shortage of space for classrooms and labs at Nawabshah since the number of students had risen to 1500 when the third batch was admitted. The same practice continued for other junior batches who passed their second year of engineering at MUET, Nawabshah and were transferred to MUET Campus at Jamshoro to resume fifth semester (third year).
• The school is ranked among the top ten institutions of higher learning in Pakistan by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) as of 2013.^[5] The university offers undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral studies in engineering, business and industrial management, humanities, philosophy, and fine arts.^[6] In addition, it is certified as having ISO 9000 compliant business processes.^[7] The university is also a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom.^[8]

3. Courses.

• The postgraduate courses were started in 1978 leading to the M.E. degree, initially, in three branches. At present, courses are offered in the specialized fields of:
• Energy & Environmental Engineering
• Mechatronics
• Industrial Electronics
• Mining Engineering
• Industrial Engineering and Management
• Communication Systems and Networks
• Electronics System Engineering
• Telemedicine and eHealth System
• Information Technology
• Computer Science And Information Technology
• Software Engineering
• Structural Engineering
• Public Health Engineering
• Telecommunication and Control Engineering
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Electrical Power Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Transportation Engineering
• Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
• Environmental Engineering & Management
• Geo-technical Engineering
• Material science and Engineering
• Energy Systems Engineering
• Some courses are offered full-time during the day while others are part-time, conducted during the evenings. Sometimes, a course may be dropped in a given year because of an inadequate number of students. The degrees to be awarded may be post-graduate diploma (P.G.D.), Master of Engineering (M.E.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) or Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), depending upon the quality and quantity of the research/work completed.
• Postgraduate studies and research are organized by departments as well as the following specialized institutes.
• Institute of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
• Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
• Institute of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering
• Institute of Information & Communication Technology
• Mehran University Institute of Science & Technology Development
• Directorate of Post-graduate Studies
• Computer Systems department

Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur

1.About university

• The university also maintains a teaching campuses in Shikarpur, Shahdadkot and Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan.^[5] Founded in 1976 as a single campus, the university has grown in both keeping its reputation and physical enlargement whilst developing a strong and transparent system of higher education in the north of Sindh. The university offers undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctorateprogrammes in various academic disciplines.^[1] The university is noted for its academic staff consisting of foreign scholars, and research directed towards the development of humanities, archaeology, Sindh studies, natural and social sciences.^[1]
• In addition, it is ranked as one of the top institution of high learning by the HEC on "general" category.^[6] Nearly ~7000 students currently enrolled in the university, the university's main focus is committed to enabling its graduates to lead and serve the nation apart from their own better well-being.

2. Background.

• In 1974-75 the University of Sindh with its solitary campus in Jamshoro could not keep pace with the growing need of the Sindh Province for higher education. Another campus was therefore set up at Khairpur Mirs, named after the national poet of Sindh, Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai. The campus was meant to provide higher education facilities in various modern and scientific fields to the people in the northern part of the Province of Sindh, which had a rich tradition of producing highly educated and intelligent people.

3. Status

• In 1986, the Sindh provincial assembly passed an act to make the campus a full-fledged and independent university. The act came into force in 1987, making the university functional, under then-Chief Minister Ghous Ali Shah. Its campus covers an area of 291 acres (1.18 km²) of lush green lawns, playgrounds and trees. The landscape includes three canals nearby which serve as picnic spots for the students and the faculty. The university has over 4,000 students in various programmes. There are 3,500 undergraduate and 1,500 graduate students. About 75 percent of students are male and 25 percent female. Despite seven student hostels (including three for females), the university has also provided an arranged-transport facility for students, and the majority of them commute daily from their homes. The university is ranked at number twenty in the general category of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan rankings.^[7]

4. Management

• A large part of Sindh was captured by the British commander General Sir Charles Napier status as a State and became a Commissionerate of British India's Bombay Presidency, being controlled by a Commissioner.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1890, after the Minto reforms, Sindh gained representation for the first time in the Bombay Legislative Assembly, with four members representing it. From that time, a movement to separate Sindh from the Bombay Presidency was established, and in 1935, after a long struggle, a new chapter in the history of Sindh opened. Under Section 40(3) of Government of India Act 1935, Sindh was separated from the Bombay presidency with effect from 1 April 1936. With the introduction by the same Act of Provincial Autonomy, the newly created Province of Sindh secured a Legislative Assembly of its own, consisting of sixty members, who were elected on the basis of communal representation and weight age to the minority community.
• Sir Lancelot Graham was appointed as the first Governor of Sindh by the British Government on 1 April 1936. Until 1937, he was also the head of an Executive Council of 25 members, which administered the affairs of Sindh and included two advisers from the Council of Bombay.
• Sir Khan Bahadur Allah Bux Soomro was the first chief minister of Sindh and a close aide to the British Government.

5. Construction

• The two-story building of the Sindh Assembly consists of the camp office of the Chief Minister of Sindh, offices of the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, ministers, Leader of the Opposition, Secretariat, Law Department of the Government of Sindh, and Library.
• The foundation stone of the building was laid by Sir Lancelot Graham, the Governor of Sindh, on 11 March 1940. The construction of the building – declared open by Sir Hugh Dow, the Governor of Sindh, on 4 March 1942 – was completed within a span of two years.
• In 1971, after a lapse of about 24 years, it was again declared as the Sindh Assembly building. Since then it has been used as such. Presently, the central portion of the building, the Assembly Hall, seats a capacity of 168 Legislators.

Evolution of Societies

There are six Societies, some of them are side by side linked with the current era, and some of them are no one resident of the current society.

1.     Hunters and Gathering Societies:

These are the societies that primarily or exclusively relay on hunting animals, fishing and gathering wild berries, fruits and vegetables for their diet. Ten thousand years earlier, before the man’s revolutions these societies were isolated throughout the globe.

2.     Pastoral Societies:

These are the societies which relay upon pastoralists, and the inhabitants earn their living hood by dealing with their cattles such as sheep, buffaloes etc. Their daily life is entirely integrated with the herds or flocks.

This society is important approach of Australian culture. In early 18^th century Pastoralists came in Southern parts of country with their cattle, slowly and gradually their numbers incremented and spread over the vast part of country. They are still part of Australian society.

3.     Horticultural societies:

These are the societies in which people exhibit through cultivation of plants without the use of mechanical tool. They simply cultivate through animal pull and flows.

Most of the Chinese and South American Horticultural Societies use nothing more than sticks and their feet for sowing and reaping. They didn’t even use tractors or animal cart for their help.

4.     Agricultural societies:

Agricultural society is a society which is totally dependent upon farming. More than half the inhabitants of society are linked with farming profession. Economy of society is totally dependent upon the producing and maintaining crops.

5.     Industrial Societies:

These are the societies which totally use technology for meeting up its demands; this includes supporting large population with a high capacity of energy forms and sources. Most of the North American states were integrated with these societies with the emerging interference of Industrial Era.

6.     Post Industrial Societies:

Such societies include production of information using computer and micro technologies. The concept of labor force is substituted to zero in these societies. The motto of these societies is to improve technology to that much extent that their remains no sign of discomfort in humans life.